Ok, in our article today we’re going to pretend that you need a legal for trade balance. Maybe you’re in the cannabis industry or perhaps buying and selling jewelry. Before we get too far along…. of course as we always recommend, contact your state to make sure what exact requirements you need to meet when it comes to your weighing equipment. It will save you a lot of headaches.
So, you start shopping around for these NTEP precision balances and you see all these references to “d” and “e” when you examine the capacity and readability. What do those letters mean? Today let’s take a look at each letter and figure out what they mean and help you learn how those values apply to your legal-for-trade scale that you’re searching for. PS: We know that you’re only going to search on our website…. ; )
What is an Approved Scale?
We’ve talked about legal for trade scales before. It basically means that weighing device was tested by NCWM and meets the NTEP standards of the regulatory body that oversees the requirements of your location. Meeting those standards offers assurance to buyers and sellers alike that the customer gets what they’re paying for, which is always important but even more critical when it comes to products with a high cost per ounce or gram like gemstones, precious metals or cannabis.
Accuracy Classes of Scales
In the U.S., scales that are approved for trade typically are Class II or Class III. The legal cannabis industry usually requires the use of Class II scales (which display results from 1mg to 50mg and have 10,000 to 100,000 divisions, or better), while food weighing and postal scales are often Class III (1,000 to 10,000 divisions).
Other scale classes include Class I (ideal for precision lab work; 100,000+ divisions), Class III L for vehicle weighing and Class IIII for highway weight enforcement.
The “d” Value
The “d” value, according to the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 44, is a scale’s smallest standard displayed division. That value is equivalent to a non-approved scale’s readability.
As an example, for Adam’s HCB 103aM (one of the Highland approved precision balances), the “d” value would be 0.001g because that model weighs in increments of 0.001g, as shown on its display screen.
While it would be used for most applications, the “d” value, however, isn’t used for trade purposes. That’s where the “e” value comes in.
The “e” Value
The “e” value is the verification scale interval, which means the smallest scale increment that can be used to determine price by weight in commercial transactions.
That value – which will vary by scale model, depending on that particular model’s specifications – is determined by the scale manufacturer when submitting a device for type approval such as NTEP in the US.
“e” is the stated accuracy (or certified reliability) of a scale when the scale display has extra units added in order to expand the resolution.
For Class I and Class II scales, “e” is governed by a formula that says if “d” (the displayed division) is less than “e” (the verification division), then “e” should be less than or equal to ten times “d.” To use the example of the HCB 103aM, since the “d” (0.001g) and “e” values are not equal, “e” must be no more than 10 times the value of “d” (10 times 0.001g would be 0.01g). HCB 103aM’s “e” value is, in fact, 0.01g.
So Which Value Do I Need?
If you’re using the weighing results to set a price by weight, you need to use the “e” value. That value is the resolution that a legal-for-trade scale has been certified to weigh.
That’s not to suggest that the “d” value isn’t accurate, but it does mean that it isn’t certified to be accurate at the resolution necessary for setting a sales price.
Trade-approved scales and balances undergo more rigorous testing to ensure accuracy and fairness to both buyers and sellers.
The National Conference on Weights & Measure (NCWM) operates the NTEP Certificates of Conformance Database Search, which allows users to search NTEP certifications of scales by data including certificate number, scale manufacturer or model number. The certificates feature an approval table that displays the “d” and “e” values for each device in a range.
To add another note to this article, there are some in the industry who think that future NTEP approved balances will need a “D” and “E” value that are the same. That would limit what scales could be used, at least at this time. At this point, there is some uncertainty on this requirement, but we wanted to mention. Again, you might want to discuss what scale requirements are in place for your particular state or city. Please contact our customer service department for NTEP certified scales buying suggestions.